Rape And Sexual Assault Of The Military - 1328 Words

Rape and sexual assault are major issues in the military. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the issue of rape and sexual assault in the military. The number of attacks for rape and sexual assault in the military are at an all-time high. Women have recently been allowed to fight on the front line. While this may be a huge achievement for women-kind, for this woman, it is a very scary thought. I am a women with female relatives, with female friends. I may be forced to join the military one day if a war breaks out and women are needed to protect the country. I would be happy to serve my country if I did not have to be scared of my fellow soldiers. Joining the military is a commitment sold as a beneficial lifestyle. However, there is an†¦show more content†¦Throughout this paper, I will also discuss the movie, The Invisible War, speak specific about certain branches in the military as well as share personal stories. Hear the stories of women at war while in war. To start off I will like to state my reasoning in picking this topic. My sister is seventeen years old, graduating high school in this upcoming June. She has made the decision of not going to college right away but instead enlisting in the military, the Navy to be exact. My family has stood by her decision, but me being the overprotected sister, I sat her down to discuss her choices. Her main reasons for choosing to enlist are 1) in memory of our grandfather, 2) it will help her pay for college, when she goes and 3) she feels she is not disciplined enough to be able to â€Å"make it through college†. When asked about her knowledge of the military, she knew close to nothing. I mentioned to her the statics about being sexually assaulted in the field and while shocked by the information she still chooses to enlist. Yes, joining the military can be beneficial but where is the separation between my sister’s and all women’s safety and the love of fighting for our count ry. Currently there are many women who are serving to their country in all aspects of the Armed Forces of the United States. Since the war in Iraq and Afghanistan more womenShow MoreRelatedEssay on Rape and Sexual Assault in the Military1094 Words   |  5 Pagesis to discuss the issue of rape and sexual assault in the military. The number of attacks for rape and sexual assault in the military are at an all-time high. Women have recently been allowed to fight on the front line. While this may be a huge achievement for women-kind, for this woman, it is a very scary thought. I am a junior at Texas Academy of Biomedical Sciences; a school geared towards students wishing to enter the medical field. I may be forced to join the military one day if a war breaks outRead MoreEssay on Military Sexual Assault: The Invisible War by T.K. Barwlow1711 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout history, the United States Military has faced numerous scandals. 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Rape and its forms Although it all falls under the general topic of rape, there are differentRead MoreAngelique Vasquez. Professor Scala. Wgs 4100 . April 18Th,1517 Words   |  7 PagesAngelique Vasquez Professor Scala WGS 4100 April 18th, 2017 The Untold Stories of Women at War Joining the military is a commitment sold as a beneficial lifestyle. However, there is an unspoken truth about women joining the military. Hiding behind fluff, are women’s stories about the sexual violence during their time in the force and the mistreatment they received for reporting the assaults. What needs to happen: give some consideration to the type (and history) of men being recruited; take awayRead MoreSexual Assault Against Women During The United States1381 Words   |  6 Pages Sexual Assault Against Women in the United States Zoe Williams SOCY 100: Introduction to Sociology Montgomery College September 26, 2014 â€Æ' Violence against women has been ever-present throughout time and place in our world and in recorded history. Although violence against women encompasses a whole range of related acts, rape and sexual assault perpetrated against women is the focus of this paper. Men and boys are also victims of sexual assault, but the numbers of women who are sexualRead MoreWomen Of The Civil War1739 Words   |  7 PagesWomen without a doubt have dealt with a large portion of the inequality that rules this nation. But the military has always been accepting of others. This is a way for women to make great livable wages and maintain a steady occupation. 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Sexual assault and rape have been major issues in the military that is constantlyRead MoreEssay Kirby Dicks Film The Invisible War699 Words   |  3 PagesSixty-five years after President Truman signs the Women’s Armed Services Integration Act more than 200,000 women are serving in the military. These women are engaged in real combat and experience the physical, mental, and emotional exhaustion like every soldier out there. But what’s more is that in the first three quarters of the fiscal year of 2013 3,553 sexual assault complaints were reported to the Def ense Department. Of these, only one hundred and seventy-five of the alleged attackers were criminallyRead MoreStop Blaming Victims for Sexual Assault1286 Words   |  6 Pagesview of sexual assault is shifting in a negative way in that members of society openly persecute victims of sexual assault, and certain types of popular visual media promote such violence. 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Essay on Mtv Arabia - 1329 Words

Case Analysis: MTV Arabic Introduction: Music Television or MTV is the pioneer of the concept of a cable music channel. It started in 1981 in United States. This was a mark of the commencement of the cable TV revolution in the history. The primary audience for MTV is those in the 12 to 24 age group. Later on, MTV launched many sister channel, this includes VH1 (video hit one) which shows light popular music, Rhythm and blues which shows Ramp;B, jazz, classics and country music, and lastly Nickelodeon which is the children channel. By 1987 MTVN began its first expansion outside of the United States. The first target for MTV was the European countries. Then they have a further expansion set out to Australia, Latin America and Asia. By†¦show more content†¦Middle Eastern people are very conservative while MTV tend to be the voice of liberation for the younger generation and it is very liberal in itself. Second, there is a huge anti American sentiments prevalent among a large group of population in Middle East. Pol itical and religious issues are difficult to overcome for both parties. Lastly, Middle East region is very rich in its cultures. Many things might be acceptable in some countries while others cannot stand a sight of it. MTV has to find a right balance for the every sub cultural group in the Middle East. Cultural differences between MTV and Arabs MTV is coming from the western world and it is well known for airing explicit sexually, open and provocative programs. MTV is very open and it carries an image of western pop culture along with it. As far as everyone may have noticed, Arab people are one of the most conservative people in the world today. Some Arab females are wearing clothed mask to conceal themselves, they are not suppose to show any part of their body to strangers. Family is highly value for the Arab, the head of the family has ultimate authorization in everything that is going on in the family. MTV value individualism and encourage people to speak and stand up for themselves. This image went contrary to the socially conservative culture of the Middle East, and it could be a key bottleneck to the channel’s acceptance in Arab Region. Anti – American segment United States is theShow MoreRelatedMtv : The World Of Art And Entertainment1511 Words   |  7 PagesSince its inception in 1981, MTV has been a cultural phenomenon as a leading force for pop culture and has changed the world of art and entertainment. The network captured the hearts (and wallets) of millions of young people and quickly built this American cable channel into a global youth cultural mega empire. MTV Networks (MTVN) has developed a prominent global reputation for its ability to provide content without compromising the MTV culture. 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There cannot have sex until marriage. Their cannot use slang language and there are anti-American. MTV has multiple challenge while doing their television show in Saudi Arabia. One of the problem were the language translation. It did not usually translate properly or reveal a very explicit sexual message. MTV still maintain their Western ties which led to most of their shows being censored. Only forty percent of Arabic teenagers watch this program. TheRead MoreMtv s Global Management Team Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesaround the world. MTV’s vision for expansion into the global market to supply media to the world’s youth had no limitation. In 2007, MTVN planned to enter the Middle East after several years of planning. MTV entry faced many difficulties in order to enter the Middle Eastern media market successfully. MTV Manage ment team’s focused on identifying the internal strengths, internal weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to construct a corporate level strategy to enter into the Middle East market. By understandingRead MoreMtv Networks: the Arabian Challenge4307 Words   |  18 PagesICMR Case Collection Co p y Icfai Center for Management Research MTV Networks: The Arabian Challenge o D . N ot BSTR294 - Teaching Note ï›™ 2009, Icfai Center for Management Research. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means- electronic or mechanical, without permission. To order copies, call +91-40-2343-0462/63 or write to Icfai Center for ManagementRead MoreCase Study : Music Television Networks1182 Words   |  5 Pagesprovide localized content without diluting what MTV stood for. What MTV wanted to do now, was enter the Arabian/Middle Eastern markets where everything is different. However, the company faced the most challenging test in late 2007 with its launch of MTV Arabia in the Middle East, which some experts considered as the biggest launch in the channel s history. While the market in the Middle East offered MTVN huge opportunities due to its huge youth populace, MTV s controversial content that was known forRead MoreArabian Challenge4526 Words   |  19 PagesMTV NETWORKS: THE ARABIAN CHALLENGE MTV Networks (MTVN) was launched MTV Arabia on November17, 2007 partnership with Arabian Television Network (ATN) as part of their strategy to extend their network over the world including in Middle East. General Manager of MTV Arabia, Patrick Samaha (Samaha) have to ensure their strategy which is to ensure the programs won over the hearts of the Arabs and adhered to local taste and culture without diluting MTV global brand. Timeline / Background of MTVN Read MoreA Report on Politics of the 1990s: Persian Gulf War771 Words   |  3 PagesPresident George H. W. Bush declared that the war in Kuwait will not stand. A day after the declaration, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia met with U.S. Defense Secretary Richard Cheney to request military assistance. Saudi Arabia, japan, and other wealthy allies would be funded $60 billion for there losses and damages. August 8, 1990 U.S. air force fighters were in Saudi Arabia. By 1991 the United States alone had 50,000 troops. On February 26, 1991 Saddam ordered the withdrawal from Kuwait. About 10

HALOCUST Essay Example For Students

HALOCUST Essay Prejudice was the main factor that led to the holocaust. For some, resisting these forms of oppression was survival. Considering the dehumanizing the Nazis had forced upon the Jews, people took whatever courage and strength they had to get through this period of time. I believe luck also had a part to play in survival. Even though now prejudice is mostly name calling, 60 years ago it could mean death. Whether one is resisting the Nazis or just resisting prejudice in general, one must never give up what they truly think and believe. If the collection of the Jews occurred when I was in Europe, I would have resisted to a point. I would not want to put myself in grave danger. I would have hide in peoples attics, but if caught I would not flee. That would be worse than going to a concentration camp. For I would rather take my chance in a deathcamp then run away from the Gestapo. I believe that if I were in a concentration camp I would not have held very much resistance in fear of death. I would have acted very selfishly only looking out for myself because there was no other way to survive, but I would have to live with the guilt for the rest of my life of not helping others. I would try to keep my hope in life. Seeing and knowing how people trying to escape were punished, I would most likely not try to escape. My faith in God would have been higher than my will to risk death to escape. Having knowledge that most people attempting to escape were killed on the spot would have kept me where I was. I have not been subject to any prejudice or bigotry in the last year. However, I do have strong feelings on the matter. I do not think anyone should have to sacrifice their pride and self-dignity for the ignorance of others. I have neighbors who are a minority in the town of Warren. I have made every effort to welcome them and treat them like anyone else. From a distance I am exposed to prejudice on the television and in the newspaper. Perhaps, we should speak out more about what we see in the media to make this world more tolerant of the differences between races, sexes, and religions. Prejudice effects everyone. It has improved since the Holocaust, when the Nazis controlled Europe, but still exists. Preserving the memory of the Holocaust not only supports Jewish education but shows what tragedy and destruction can come out of prejudice. Simply to survive the prejudice of the Holocaust is a victory of the human spirit. Bibliography:

Why Malaysians Football Cannot Go Far free essay sample

Football or soccer is one of Malaysian favorite’s sports. According to the Oxford Fajar 3rd edition dictionary, football can be defined as a game that played by large group of people and it is relate with team cohesiveness. As a country that play football, of course Malaysia have its own national team and use to be call as the ‘tiger squad’ by other team in international matches. The ‘tiger squad’ is one of the best team in South East Asia but not in Asia or world class level. Long time ago, in the year of Mokhtar Dahari or also known as the ’Super Mokh’, our football team was well known in all over the world and can be classified as one of the best team in Asia. Nowadays, our football teams have lost the touch and not being afraid by other team. Football is one of the countrys eight core sports, meaning the government supports and funds its development from the grassroots. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Malaysians Football Cannot Go Far? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Most of the cabinet members are utterly disappointed by what has happened with the national team. According to the FIFA’s world rank, Malaysia is in ranking 167 in the world behind Thailand. This essay is about â€Å"Why our national team can not go far? † There are few reasons why our national team can not go far and few solutions to solve the problem. The first and the main reason why our national team can not go far is because of our football management is poor. There is something wrong in our football management. The management of an organization especially in football team is the leader of the group that will lead the group to achieve goal. If the leader have problem, what will their player will be? So in order to solve this problem they have to change to new strategy of management like others countries that have been successful in football. A very good example of successful football team is the Japan’s football team. They have shown to the world that Asia people also can compete in the world class level. We have to follow their footstep and show to the world our ‘Malaysia Boleh’ spirit. The first step that we have to take is to hire more professional coach to teach our players the right ways in playing football. This is very important because if the players do not being teach the right ways, they will play football like a group of chicks chasing their mother. There are no formation and a strategy in the team. The second thing that the management have to change is when it come to select the player for the team. Please select the players carefully. Select only the players that show a great performance, skilful and able to work as a team. Do not easily select the player based on their age and physical because not all young players can play and not all senior players are great. Let the best men win’ concept have to be use in selecting the players because it is the best way and no discrimination. The next step is to arrange the training schedule efficiently. The training schedule should be suit to every player’s time and make sure they attend the training session. The manager of the group is the person who in charge for this matter. A football manager have to be ready in any situati on, always give advice or opinion to players, always study the team weakness and always motivate the players. These are the characteristics of manager who able to manage the team well. The second reason of the problem is about the payment for players are so little. This kind of problem will affect their consistencies. The questions like, ‘How do I pay my car loan? How do I pay my house rent? ’ will bear in their mind during their practises and games. This problem also will make them not to attend the training sessions. To compare the payment of our players and Japan’s players is like our players get not even half of the payment for Japan’s player. So, to avoid this problem the Malaysian Football Association (FAM) should take part with giving more budgets on player’s payment. This thing will make the players feel so happy and have the spirit to perform well. They also can concentrates and focus in their football matches with no more bothering questions in their mind. The FAM also can give bonus to player who performs well. This is to encourage them to scores goals and plays well in their matches. If we expect high reputation of someone, what are we have to do? The answer is we have to appreciate that person. This is the same formula in football, if we want the players to play well we have to appreciate them like praise them for their hard works. Please remember that the players are the heart of a team, without them there are no football team. Attitude can be define as a human behaviour and the ways of they thinking that will make them acts in either positive or negative ways in their daily life. The players’ attitude is one way to go far in football. This is about the next reason for our problem. Our players have many negative habits that should be change to go far. Japan’s players are not like our players, they are so discipline in every point of view. They never late for trainings and never break the rules that have been set for them. So, in this case, the best words to describe the good attitudes are the players must be on the time to the practise sessions. This kind of attitude has been plant in our self since we still in primary school but why is this problem still happened? Why don’t we use the old formula back to handle this problem, let all the late comers been punish and the punishment is to cut their allowance. Besides that, don’t ever skip the practise session unless have the reasonable reason. The management should make sure they have medical letter from FAM’s panel clinic if they don’t attend the training session. Do not accept reasons without medical letter. Others than that, do not break the rules that have been set and follow all the instruction that had been given. If our players have all of these criteria, no wonder one day Malaysia will be qualified to enter the FIFA’s world cup tournament. Players’ health is the next issue. This is also another reason why we are left behind in football. Without good health, a footballer cannot perform well in game because they will have problem with their stamina. So, the players have to take care of their health to be successful in football. To have a good health the players must obviate from taking alcohol, drugs and smoking. There are so many cases about our players who taking alcohol and drugs get caught. This is a very serious matter and the FAM has to be stricter in handling cases like this. Alcohol and drugs are not good for our health because both can destroy our heart and also make us feel like not in the real world. Can you imagine how are the players who taking drug playing football? Other way that can make the players have the good health is to take healthy food and do the wells balance diet. The players also have to take the protein and vitamin for energy in field It will help to maintain the stamina of the player. If it not enough, try to take the supplement food. There are so many benefits of taking supplement food and it is clinically tested to give you energy all day long. No matter how rich you are, if you do not have a good health it worth nothing and remember what the proverb said, prevention is better than cure. Schedule is about arranging and managing our time with activities to complete our works. Systematically, just in time, practical and nice arrangements are those words to describe schedule. Nowadays everything need the schedule to accomplish certain work Successful football team like Japan’s team usually have their own schedule like practice schedule. The main purposes of practice schedule are to make the players come to practice regularly and to suit the practice session with their own work. Besides that, the players also should have the class and chill out schedule for their own use. The players can manage and balance the time well between class and chill out hours using this schedules. Don’t you think that it will be nice if all your works completed just in time, systematically and in nice arrangement. Now, we can see the benefits of using schedule but please take note that it is no use to have schedules but do not follow it. There are one more factor that people believe contributed to recent lack of quality in Malaysian football. One of the main talking point is back in late 90s there are so many players were sacked because of their involvement in bribery. And sadly they are all good players. I think that is the turning point that causes Malaysia Football so boring to watch. Some also said Malaysian should not squarely blame the footballers. Malaysian instead must pull up a rope over the officials’ neck and say that they are the guilty ones. It’s funny how our Malaysian politicians often tend to come up with so call â€Å"quick but expensive† solutions without proper study made on the causes of failures. So far Malaysian footballers have not done well outside of Malaysia, and this however is slowly changing as new players like Titus James Palani, Akmal Rizal is making their mark overseas. Titus is now in France, while Akmal returned from a stint in Germany. Currently there are two young Malaysian in EPL club academy, Azwan Hasahar at Fulham and Mohd Naim Ahmad at Birmingham City. Azwan is a winner of Soccastar reality TV show and Mohd Naim brought to Birmingham by Steve Bruce himself when they do trial here at Malaysia. In conclusion, we find that internal problem that occur in our football team was the main reason why our national team cannot go far even though many others external problem happened in world wide football federation. So, in order to make our football in the same level with Japan and others foreign football team, I’m suggesting that FAM should organize an academic talent programmed, start training players as young as five years’ old, set up coach education programmed and review the Malaysian league and football club licensing. One day our dream will come true.

An Evening With Pagans Essays - Wicca, Mother Goddesses,

An Evening With Pagans An Evening with the Pagans~ A brief history of paganism~ Over 25,000 years ago, our ancestors across the continent practiced an ancient form of religion known as paganism. During the Neolithic and Paleolithic time era, our ancestors were in awe of the great manifestations of nature. Due to lack of scientific thought, they were riddled with ignorance and superstition. Everything had a supernatural explanation. They associated each naturalistic phenomena with a type of god, inscribing inanimate objects with life -like characteristics .This practice is referred to as animism. Every element ,be it thunder ,rain or the sun ,was thought to be a god (or goddess) within it. Eventually their gods became an object of worship known as polytheism. Eventually many forms of polytheism evolved to what is known as paganism. Modern Paganism Now defined as :The worship of a god or goddess whose roots are in pre-Christian Western Europe. Modern paganism is alive and well today. It consists of many sub-divisions .These include ~Wicca ,druidism Santeria and many others. Wicca focuses on the worship of a god and goddess .In Wicca ,there is a plethora of pantheon of deities that one can choose from including: Greek, Norse ,roman etc...... Focusing on a Greek Wiccan tradition ,this will be describing the pagan festival of Hectare. The Festival of Hecate The festival of Hecate is celebrated between the 3rd and 4th Saturday of August. (which ever is closest to the new moon) It is in honor of the Greek goddess Hecate. She was first worshipped in ancient Greece -called the triple goddess of magic. She is often represented in triple form ; maiden (youth) ,mother (fertility) and crone (the wise woman). In ancient Rome ,she was known as trevia ,the cross road with three paths. Hecate is symbolized by the phases of the moon. Each attribute correlates with a particular phase of the moon. The waxing moon (maiden),the full moon (mother) and the new moon( crone). The Ceremony~ Upon arrival at the festival in Georgetown Delaware, everyone gathers for the lecture. This is to educate the newcomers as to what the ceremony entails. The ceremony is always rehearsed before it is performed. After the lecture ,there is a large potluck feast to keep everyone energized for the evenings festivities. The processional~ When the sun sets, the processional begins. With everyone in their appropriate magical attire,(consisting of a robe and jewelry) everyone lines up proceeds with the first phase. This is called consecration- each person is consecrated . This is done by covering the body in incense smoke and sprinkling of water. This is a purification process that cleanses the body of negative energy prior to the ritual. Next each person is permitted to enter the circle one by one. Once everyone is inside the circle, the next phase begins. Calling of the quarters~ At this point ,the high priest/priestess begins the calling of the quarters or summoning the elements. Each direction is marked by an altar and each is represented by an element. West =air, east=water , north=earth and south=fire. The high priest approaches each point ,says a chant and ends the chant with the phrase hail and welcome. After the elements are called , the highpoint of the ritual begins ~ the invocation The Invocation~ The invocation is where the goddess is invited to attend the ceremony. The invitation is done through a series of chants . Ex: He Kau ,He Kau , He Kau Hecate trevia trimorphos Hecate queen of the moon and all her phases 3 X''s (Hek a ta) Next 3 women are chosen to represent Hecate ,each representing one of her aspects.(they are chosen prior to the ritual) The maiden is in white (purity) the mother in red (fertility) and crone in black(wisdom) These women remain in the circle. At this point the goddess speaks to the participants .Each one gives a brief message ,usually a blessing or advice. Once the crone has finished, each participant is invited to approach any of the three forms and speak to them. They may ask for advice ,offering or a boon. Once everyone has had their turn to speak with Hecate,the group becomes silent. The goddess is thanked and dismissed. Sometimes during a ritual a participant may feel a bit overwhelmed with the energy that has been raised. It is for this reason ,that the next phase ,called grounding takes place. This is done by simply placing the hands on the ground and releasing the energy. Once the grounding has been performed,it is time to close the quarters or dismiss the elements. Like the opening

Equal rights for all essays

Equal rights for all essays A constitutional ban on gay marriage is a declaration of war against gay America (Bumiller). It is an act of discrimination and intolerance solely based on religious perspectives. Allowing gays and lesbians the same rights as everyone else does nothing to harm or take away the rights of others. This amendment should not be allowed to pass, and the basic civil right to get married should be extended to all Americans. In the past the constitution has been amended to expand and protect the rights of Americans. This will be the first time it has been used to limit and take away rights. For example, a constitutional amendment expanded the rights of women to vote, and another gave African Americans equal rights instead of separate but equal rights as put on them by the Jim crow laws. These rights were separate but they were far from equal. In a sense the discrimination of gays and lesbians goes back to the old Jim crow laws of separate but not equal, by not allowing us to get married but instead letting the states decide if they will allow civil unions. Civil unions are a far step from marriage. They do not provide for 1,049 federal benefits that full marriage guarantees (Meade). Some of these rights that straight married couples take for granted are: Social Security survivor benefits, spousal privilege in a court trial, time off work if a partner is sick or has passed away, the ability to make medical decisions if there partner is unable to, and veterans survivors benefits. New York congressman Jerrold Nadler argues that an extremely important constitutional principal, is the right to ensure that all Americans are treated equally under the law. He also says that the passing of this amendment would permanently deny a large group of Americans access t ...

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example There are always the breathless promos ("Nude man found at mall: Film at 11!"). There are always the two amiable chatting anchors, usually a middle-aged man and a somewhat younger woman. There are the younger roving reporters, featured live at various points around the community or nation, where they chat up the anchors. ("Do you know why the man was wearing no clothes, Jim?" "We're working on that, Susan") There's the joking weatherman, the jock sportscaster, and more recently, the health editor and the lifestyle reporter. In a nation of enormous diversity, there's something both comforting and appalling in knowing that no matter where you are, the local news--like the local McDonalds--is always the same. What makes most of these newscasts pernicious is that they are at the same time so influential and so awful--at least in journalistic terms. In recent years, the local newscast has replaced the network evening news and the newspaper alike as the average American's main source of ne ws: A study by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press in 1996 found that 65 percent of all adults said they regularly watched the local TV news; only 42 percent reported that they did the same with a network newscast. In about two-thirds of all markets, according to another study, the early-evening local news shows attracted better ratings than the network newscasts that followed them--and the local news is on for a longer time. Though local newscasts have been studied far less systematically than the national news, nearly everyone who has examined their content has come away with the same conclusion. For example: A 1995 study of the local news in 50 major markets by the Rocky Mountain Media Watch found that crime and disaster news make up about 53 percent of the news on local newscasts--the grislier the crime, the better. ("Son shoots mother five times with bow and arrow") Fluff--deemed by the study as 'soft news, anchor chatter, teases, and celebrity items"--takes up about 31 percent of the whole newscast, on average (items such as "Girl reunited with dog" or "How to tango"). An informal 1993 survey by The Washington Post of local newscasts on stations in five big cities found the percentage of stories involving crime, sex, disasters, accidents, or public fears running at anywhere from 46 to 74. In its survey, the Post found local newscast obsessed with murders, serial killers, snakebites, spider bites, tornadoes, mudslides, explosions, and satanic activity. A 1990 study published by the Columbia Journalism Review found that 18 of the 32 stories analyzed on local newscasts were inaccurate or misleading, and the station usually made no attempt to correct the mistakes. A report published the same year in the L.A. Reader, following examination of a week's worth of stories in that market, found stations routinely airing PR footage provided by companies with no acknowledgment that this was what was going on. In a 1991 book examining the local news, Making Local News, Phyllis Kaniss found, among other things, that local TV news reporters are more likely to accept their sources' viewpoints than are print reporters. A Chicago reporter looking at "sweeps week" on Los Angeles television found heavily promoted news stories on lesbian nuns, Geraldo Rivera's love life, and sex after 60. As a critic once put it: The worst scandal the local news could ever uncover is itself. Local news didn't start out this way. Until about 1970, local news--with its